Valvular Stenosis: Valvular stenosis occurs when a heart valve becomes narrowed, limiting the blood flow through the valve. This can be caused by the buildup of calcium deposits on the valve leaflets, making them stiff and less flexible. Common types of valvular stenosis include aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis.
Valvular Regurgitation: Valvular regurgitation, also known as valve insufficiency or valve leakage, occurs when a heart valve fails to close properly, leading to the backflow of blood into the heart chamber. This condition can result from valve leaflets that are thickened, damaged or do not form a tight seal when the valve is closed.
Congenital Heart Defects: Some individuals are born with structural abnormalities in their heart valves, known as congenital heart defects. These defects can lead to improper blood flow and may require valve replacement as a corrective measure.
Infective Endocarditis: Infective endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart, including heart valves. When the infection damages the heart valves significantly, it may necessitate valve replacement.
Degenerative Valve Disease: As people age, their heart valves can undergo wear and tear, resulting in degenerative changes. Over time, this can lead to valve dysfunction and the need for replacement.
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Rheumatic heart disease is a complication of untreated streptococcal infections, such as strep throat. It can cause inflammation and scarring of the heart valves, leading to valvular dysfunction and possible valve replacement.